| Address: | Washington University in St. Louis. |
| Campus Box 1125 | |
| One Brookings Drive | |
| St. Louis MO 63130-4899 USA | |
| Email: | bkessler@wustl.edu |
| Phone: | 1-314-935-8839 |
| Fax: | 1-314-935-7588 |
| WWW: | http://spell.psychology.wustl.edu |
| Citizenship: | USA |
Washington University, Department of Psychology. Assistant Professor of Psychology and of Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology, Linguistics Program.
Washington University, Department of Psychology. Research Scientist.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Wayne State University, Psychology. Advisor: Rebecca Treiman.
PhD, Department of Linguistics, Stanford University.
Dissertation title: Estimating the Probability of Historical Connections Between Languages.
Committee: Paul Kiparsky (advisor), Edward Flemming, Jarrett Rosenberg, Thomas Wasow.
AM, Department of Linguistics, Stanford University.
Thesis title: Sandhi in Classical Sanskrit.
Committee: William Poser (advisor), Andrew Garrett, Paul Kiparsky.
MS, Computer Science, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington.
MLS, School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington.
BA, Linguistics and Germanic Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington.
Senior Visiting Scientist, Marie-Curie Initial Training Network project eldel, “Enhancing Literacy Development in European Languages,” Bangor, Wales, and Clermont-Ferrand, France.
With Rebecca Treiman, PI. National Institutes of Health grant R01HD051610-02. “Children’s Early Knowledge of Letters and Spelling Across Languages.”
Keynote speaker, meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Special Interest Group in Computational Morphology and Phonology, Prague
With Rebecca Treiman. The March of Dimes grant 12-FY06-235, “Spelling in Deaf Children With Very Early Cochlear Implants.”
With Rebecca Treiman. The March of Dimes grant 12-FY03-40, “Spelling in Deaf Children.”
With Rebecca Treiman. National Science Foundation Award 0130763, “Statistical Bases of Reading and Spelling.”
National Science Foundation travel award for NATO Advanced Study Institute: Literacy Acquisition, Assessment, & Intervention: The Role of Phonology, Orthography, and Morphology (Italy, Nov. 2001).
Stanford University fellowship.
Graduation from Indiana University with highest distinction, Honors in Linguistics.
Indiana University Merit Scholarship
Kessler, Brett. (In press). Language families. In Patrick Colm Hogan (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. 2009. Statistical patterns in children’s early writing. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 102(3). 323–341. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.07.003
Ellefson, Michelle R., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2009. Learning to label letters by sounds or names: A comparison of England and the United States. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 102(3). 323–341. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.05.008
Kessler, Brett. 2009. Statistical learning of conditional orthographic correspondences. Writing Systems Research 1(1). 19–34. doi:10.1093/wsr/wsp004.
Kessler, Brett. 2008. The mathematical assessment of long-range linguistic relationships. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5). 821–839. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00083.x
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. 2008. Preschoolers use partial letter names to select spellings: Evidence from Portuguese. Applied Psycholinguistics 29(2). 195–212. doi:10.1017/S0142716407080095
Balota, David A., Melvin J. Yap, Michael J. Cortese, Keith A. Hutchison, Brett Kessler, Bjorn Loftis, … Rebecca Treiman. 2007. The English Lexicon Project. Behavior Research Methods 39(3). 445−459.
Treiman, Rebecca, Jeremy Cohen, Kevin Mulqueeny, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Schechtman. 2007. Young children’s knowledge about printed names. Child Development 78(5). 1458−1471. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01077.x
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Rochelle Evans. 2007. Anticipatory conditioning of spelling-to-sound translation. Journal of Memory and Language 56(2). 229−245. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.06.001
Treiman, Rebecca, Iris Levin & Brett Kessler. 2007. Learning of letter names follows similar principles across languages: Evidence from Hebrew. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 96. 87−106. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2006.08.002
Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Keith Rayner. 2006. Vowel processing during silent reading: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 32(2). 416–424. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.416
Bourassa, Derrick C., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2006. Use of morphology in spelling by children with dyslexia and typically developing children. Memory & Cognition 34(3). 703–714.
Hayes, Heather, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2006. Children use vowels to help them spell consonants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 94(1). 27–42. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.11.001
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2006. Spelling as statistical learning: Using consonantal context to spell vowels. Journal of Educational Psychology 98(3). 642–652. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.3.642
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Tatiana Cury Pollo. 2006. Learning about the letter name subset of the vocabulary: Evidence from U.S. and Brazilian preschoolers. Applied Psycholinguistics 27(2). 211–227. doi:10.1017/S0142716406060255
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler, Jason D. Zevin, Suzanne Bick, & Melissa Davis. 2006. Influence of consonantal context on the reading of vowels: Evidence from children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 93(1). 1–24. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.06.008
Caravolas, Markéta, Brett Kessler, Charles Hulme & Margaret Snowling. 2005. Effects of orthographic consistency, frequency, and letter knowledge on children’s vowel spelling development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 92(4). 307–321. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.08.001
Cassar, Marie, Rebecca Treiman, Louisa Moats, Tatiana Cury Pollo & Brett Kessler. 2005. How do the spellings of children with dyslexia compare with those of nondyslexic children? Reading and Writing 18(1). 27–49. doi:10.1007/s11145-004-2345-x
Kessler, Brett. 2005. Phonetic comparison algorithms. Transactions of the Philological Society 103(2). 243–260. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.2005.00153.x
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. 2005. Vowels, syllables, and letter names: Differences between young children’s spelling in English and Portuguese. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 92(2). 161–181. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.01.006
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2004. The case of case: Children’s knowledge and use of upper- and lowercase letters. Applied Psycholinguistics 25(3). 413–428. doi:10.1017/S0142716404001195
Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. 2003. Is English spelling chaotic? Misconceptions concerning its irregularity. Reading Psychology 24(3–4). 267–289. doi:10.1080/02702710390227228
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Bick. 2003. Influence of consonantal context on the pronunciation of vowels: A comparison of human readers and computational models. Cognition 88(1). 49–78. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00003-9
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Bick. 2002. Context sensitivity in the spelling of English vowels. Journal of Memory and Language 47(3). 448–468. doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00010-4
Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman & John Mullennix. 2002. Phonetic biases in voice key response time measurements. Journal of Memory and Language 47(1). 145–171. doi:10.1006/jmla.2001.2835
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Derrick Bourassa. 2001. Children’s own names influence their spelling. Applied Psycholinguistics 22(4). 555–570. doi: 10.1017/S0142716401004040
Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. 2001. Relations between sounds and letters in English monosyllables. Journal of Memory and Language 44(4). 592–617. doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2745
Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. 1997. Syllable structure and the distribution of phonemes in English syllables. Journal of Memory and Language 37(3). 295–311. doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2522
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 1995. In defense of an onset–rhyme syllable structure for English. Language and Speech 38. 127–142.
Kessler, Brett & Debora Shaw. 1983. SOLOS: A student-oriented information retrieval system using MARC records. Information Technology and Libraries 2. 272–279.
Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman & John Mullennix. 2008. Feedback-consistency effects in single-word reading. In Elena L. Grigorenko & Adam J. Naples (eds.), Single-word reading: Behavioral and biological perspectives, 159−174. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. 2008. Three perspectives on spelling development. In E. L. Grigorenko & A. J. Naples (eds.), Single-word reading: Behavioral and biological perspectives, 175−189. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
Denning, Keith, Brett Kessler & William R. Leben. 2007. English vocabulary elements, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2007. Learning to read. In M. Gareth Gaskell (ed.), The Oxford handbook of psycholinguistics, 657−666. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2005. Writing systems and spelling development. In Margaret J. Snowling & Charles Hulme (eds.), The Science of reading: A handbook, 120–134. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2003. The role of letter names in the acquisition of literacy. In Robert V. Kail (ed.), Advances in child development and behavior, vol. 31, 105–135. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Kessler, Brett. 2001. The significance of word lists: Statistical tests for investigating historical connections between languages. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
Lyovin, Anatole, Brett Kessler & William R. Leben. (In prep.) Introduction to the languages of the world. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kessler, Brett. 2007. [Review of the book Language Classification by Numbers, by April McMahon & Robert McMahon]. Anthropological Linguistics 49(3–4). 435–438.
Hayes, Heather, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. 2005. English spelling: Making sense of a seemingly chaotic writing system. The International Dyslexia Association Perspectives on Language and Literacy 31(3). 8–10.
Kessler, Brett. 2003. [Review of the book Time depth in historical linguistics, by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask (eds.)]. Diachronica 20(2). 375–379. doi:10.1075/dia.20.2.11kes
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler, Stephanie Knewasser, Ruth Tincoff & Margo Bowman. 2000. English speakers’ sensitivity to phonotactic patterns. In Michael B. Broe & Janet B. Pierrehumbert (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology V: Acquisition and the Lexicon, 269–282. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Nunberg, Geoffrey D., Jan O. Pedersen, Hinrich Schütze, Brett Kessler & Gregory Grefenstette. 1999. Text genre identification. European Patent EP 0 889 417. London, England: European Patent Office.
Kessler, Brett. 2009, June. Quantifying reading and spelling consistency. Paper presented at a workshop of eldel, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Kessler, Brett. 2009, June. Searching lexical databases. Tutorial presented at a workshop of eldel, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. 2009, June. Learning about the role of context in spelling-to-sound translation: The case of initial <c> and <g> in English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. 2009, June. Do children’s prephonological writing patterns predict later spelling performance? Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA.
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Markéta Caravolas. 2009, June. Children’s knowledge about the shapes of Latin letters. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA.
Kessler, Brett. 2009, May. The developmental course of sensitivity to context in reading. Paper presented at the Language, Development, and Cognition colloquium, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2008, September. Letter shapes and how they are learned. Paper presented at the 6th International Workshop on Writing Systems, Braunschweig, Germany.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2008, July. The nature of young children’s nonphonological spellings. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Asheville, NC.
Garabík, Radovan, Markéta Caravolas, Brett Kessler, Eva Höflerová, Jackie Masterson, Marína Mikulajová, Marcin Szczerbiński & Piotr Wierzchoń. 2007, October. A cross-linguistic database of children’s printed words in three Slavic languages. In Jana Levická & Radovan Garabík (eds.), Computer Treatment of Slavic and East European Languages: Fourth International Seminar, Bratislava, Slovakia, 25−27 October 2007: Proceedings, 51−64. Bratislava: Tribun, 2007.
Kessler, Brett. 2007, July. Better than chance? Randomization models for evaluating whether lexical similarity implies historical connection. Paper presented at the Workshop on Alternative Approaches to Language Classification, Stanford, CA.
Kessler, Brett. 2007, June. Word similarity metrics and multilateral comparison. In John Nerbonne, Mark T. Ellison & Grzegorz Kondrak (eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group on Computational Morphology and Phonology (SIGMORPHON), Prague, Czech Republic, 6–14. Stroudsburg PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007.
Ellefson, Michelle R., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2007, March. Learning to label letters by names or sounds. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Boston, MA.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. 2006, July. How do preschoolers use letter names to select spellings? Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Vancouver, Canada.
Treiman, Rebecca, Jeremy Cohen, Kevin Mulqueeny, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Schechtman. 2006, July. Young children’s knowledge about printed names. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Vancouver, Canada.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2005, November. Variability in spelling-to-sound translation. Paper presented at the Perspectives on Linguistic Variation workshop, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2005, November. Long-distance anticipatory effects in spelling-to-sound translation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada.
Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Keith Rayner. 2005, August. How are vowels processed during silent reading? Paper presented at the European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM), Bern, Switzerland.
Bourassa, Derrick C., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2005, July. Use of morphology in spelling by children with dyslexia and typically developing children. Poster presented at the meeting of the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS), Montréal, Canada.
Hayes, Heather, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. 2005, June. Children use vowels to help them spell consonants. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Toronto, Canada.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. 2005, June. Beginning spellers exploit inexact letter-name matches. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Toronto, Canada.
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Tatiana Cury Pollo. 2005, April. U.S. and Brazilian preschoolers’ knowledge of letter names: Variability across letters, languages, and children. Paper presented at the symposium Cross-cultural Approaches to Language and Literacy Development, conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Atlanta, GA.
Kessler, Brett. 2005, March. Verifying historical relationships between groups of languages. Paper presented at Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Language Diversification, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Kessler, Brett. 2005, January. Is English really related to Finnish? Adapting psychological research methods to solve linguistic puzzles. Paper presented at the colloquium of the Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler, Andrea E. Martin & Keith Rayner. 2004, November. The minimality principle reconsidered: Evidence for the early use of elaborated phonological representations during silent reading. Poster presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN.
Kessler, Brett & Annukka Lehtonen. 2004, July. Multilateral comparison and significance testing of the Indo-Uralic question. In Peter Forster & Colin Renfrew (eds.), Phylogenetic methods and the prehistory of languages, 33–42. Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006.
Caravolas, Markéta, Margaret J. Snowling, Charles Hulme & Brett Kessler. 2004, June. How orthographic consistency affects the development of spelling skills in English: Implications for theories of orthographic learning. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. 2004, June. Sensitivity to statistical contextual patterns when spelling consonants in English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. 2004, June. Influence of writing systems on young children’s spelling in English and Portuguese. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. 2004, June. The case of case: Children’s knowledge and use of upper- and lower-case letters. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Keith Rayner. 2003, November. Parafoveal processing of vowel contexts: Evidence from eye movements. Poster presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, Canada.
Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler, Suzanne Bick & Melissa Davis. 2003, November. Influence of consonantal context on the pronunciation of vowels: Evidence from children. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, Canada.
Kessler, Brett. 2003, February. Multilateral comparison and the problem of chance resemblances. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Denver, CO.
Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman, & Suzanne Bick. 2002, June. Use by skilled spellers of context-sensitive patterns: Onsets and codas constrain the spelling of English vowels. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Chicago, IL.
Kessler, Brett. 2002, March. Sensitivity to intrasyllabic context in human and computer processing of letter–phoneme correspondences. Paper presented at California State University, Fresno, CA.
Kessler, Brett. 2002, March. Sensitivity to intrasyllabic context in human and computer processing of letter–phoneme correspondences. Paper presented at the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL.
Kessler, Brett. 2001, November. Determining the statistical significance of sound correspondences. Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Workshop on Comparative Linguistics Reconstruction Fundamentals, Detroit, MI.
Kessler, Brett. 2001, November. Factors that affect oral word reading. Paper presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute Literacy Acquisition, Assessment, and Intervention: The Role of Phonology, Orthography, and Morphology. Barga, Italy.
Kessler, Brett, & Rebecca Treiman. 2000, November. Relationships between sounds and letters in English monosyllables. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.
Kessler, Brett. 1999, November. When do lexical resemblances mean that languages are historically connected? Paper presented at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Kessler, Brett. 1998, May. Estimating the probability of historical connections between languages using recurrent sound correspondences. Paper presented at the Phonetics and Phonology Workshop, Stanford, CA.
Kessler, Brett, Geoffrey Nunberg & Hinrich Schütze. 1997, July. Automatic detection of text genre. In 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7–12 July, Madrid, 32–38. [San Francisco, CA]: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1997.
Kessler, Brett. 1995, March. Computational dialectology in Irish Gaelic. In Proceedings of the seventh conference of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), 60–66. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1995.
Kessler, Brett. 1995, January. The phonotactics of English CVC monosyllables. Phonetics and Phonology Workshop, Stanford, CA.
Treiman, Rebecca & Kessler, Brett. 1994, November. Distributions of phonemes in English CVC words and implications for language processing. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.
Kessler, Brett. 1993, April. Sandhi and syllables in Classical Sanskrit. In Eric Duncan, Donka Farkas & Philip Spaelti (eds.), The proceedings of the Twelfth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 35–50. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1994.
Kessler, Brett. 1993, January. Sandhi in Sanskrit. Paper presented at the Phonetics and Phonology Workshop, Stanford, CA.
Kessler, Brett. 1992. A spelling corrector for English based on knowledge of sound-spelling correspondence. Paper presented at SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
2008. Program committee, Midwest Computational Linguistics Colloquium
Ad hoc reviewer for:
Helped design the academic major in Linguistics, which was approved in Fall, 2008.
Serve as director of undergraduate studies and academic coordinator for the Linguistics Program.
Selection committee, Undergraduate Honors Fellowship, College of Arts and Sciences.
Academic advisor for 38 students in Linguistics and the Philosophy−Neuroscience−Psychology program
Coordinator for the Linguistics program for University College and Summer School, Washington University.
Redesigned and maintain Web site for Linguistics program.
Linguistics Department graduate student representative, Stanford University.
Member, Linguistics Colloquium Committee, Stanford University.
Member, Committee on Graduate Studies, Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford University.
Linguistic Computation Consultant. Lexicon Branding, Sausalito, CA.
Consultant. Automatic Genre Recognition project. Palo Alto Research Center.
Software Engineer. Natural Language Project,Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA.
Prototype designer. Development Operations and Artificial Intelligence, Xerox.
Programmer/Analyst and Cataloging Librarian. Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction.
Heather Hayes
Tatiana Pollo
Emily Rosenzweig. Are Children’s Spellings Influenced by Physical Characteristics of the Object They Are Spelling?
Linda Bravman. Influence of Affix Origin on Selecting Sound-to-Letter Correspondences in English.
Leah Szeftel. Spelling in Deaf Children who Wear Cochlear Implants: Do Spelling Errors Reflect Pronunciation Errors?
Michelle Palmer. Sociolinguistics of [h] in Modern Hebrew
Laura Kelly, independent research. Framing, Recession, and Decision Making
Rachel Asquith, Master’s thesis committee
Good reading knowledge of English, French, German, Spanish, Swedish, Danish, Yiddish, Esperanto, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian.
Have also studied Latin, Greek, Arabic, Sanskrit, Chinese, Irish, Old Irish, Hawaiian, Russian, Hebrew, Classical Tibetan, Old Saxon, Old English.
Last change 2009-11-21T23:39:13-0600